Soleus

Schematic anatomy
Deep layerSoleus

Quadriceps

Rectus femorisVastus lateralisVastus medialisVastus intermedius

Hamstrings

Biceps femorisSemitendinosusSemimembranosus

Glutes

Gluteus maximusGluteus mediusGluteus minimus

Adductors

Adductor longusAdductor brevisAdductor magnusGracilisPectineus

Hip flexors

Psoas majorIliacusTensor fasciae lataeSartorius

Hip rotators

PiriformisObturator internusObturator externusSuperior gemellusInferior gemellusQuadratus femoris

Calves

GastrocnemiusSoleus

Shins & ankles

Tibialis anteriorTibialis posteriorFibularis longus & brevisExtensor digitorum longusExtensor hallucis longusFlexor digitorum longusFlexor hallucis longus

Feet

Abductor hallucisFlexor hallucis brevisAdductor hallucisFlexor digitorum brevisQuadratus plantaeFoot interossei & lumbricalsAbductor digiti minimiExtensor digitorum & hallucis brevis
Movement guide

Soleus

Lies beneath the gastrocnemius and acts at the ankle. Bent-knee raises reduce the gastrocnemius contribution.

A bent knee reduces the gastrocnemius contribution, emphasizing the soleus.

01

Seated calf raise

Isolation · Machine

Also works

Gastrocnemius contributes less with the knee bent; foot stabilizers

How to perform

With knees bent around 90°, lift your heels against the resistance. Lower slowly.

Keep pressure through the forefoot and control the bottom position.

Example volume · 3 sets × 12–20 reps

02

Standing calf raise

Isolation · Machine

Also works

Gastrocnemius; foot and ankle stabilizers

How to perform

Rise onto the balls of your feet with knees softly extended. Pause, then lower the heels slowly.

Use a full comfortable range without bouncing.

Example volume · 3 sets × 8–15 reps

Referencesopenstax.org

Community draft · awaiting expert review